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Publications

Vessim started as a research project in early 2023 and has since been used in various research publications on carbon-aware applications and systems.

If you use Vessim in your research, please cite our paper:

Paper

Philipp Wiesner, Ilja Behnke, Paul Kilian, Marvin Steinke, and Odej Kao. "Vessim: A Testbed for Carbon-Aware Applications and Systems." ACM SIGENERGY Energy Informatics Review 4 (5). 2024.

@article{wiesner2024vessim,
  title={Vessim: A testbed for carbon-aware applications and systems},
  author={Wiesner, Philipp and Behnke, Ilja and Kilian, Paul and Steinke, Marvin and Kao, Odej},
  journal={ACM SIGENERGY Energy Informatics Review},
  volume={4},
  number={5},
  pages={59--66},
  year={2024}
}

For details in Vessim's software-in-the-loop simulation methodology, refer to our journal paper:

Paper

Philipp Wiesner, Marvin Steinke, Henrik Nickel, Yazan Kitana, and Odej Kao. "Software-in-the-Loop Simulation for Developing and Testing Carbon-Aware Applications" Software: Practice and Experience, 53 (12). 2023.

@article{wiesner2023sil,
  author = {Wiesner, Philipp and Steinke, Marvin and Nickel, Henrik and Kitana, Yazan and Kao, Odej},
  title = {Software-in-the-loop simulation for developing and testing carbon-aware applications},
  journal = {Software: Practice and Experience},
  year = {2023},
  volume = {53},
  number = {12},
  pages = {2362-2376},
  doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.3275}
}

Publications using or building on Vessim

  1. Philipp Wiesner, Soeren Becker, Brett Cornick, Dominik Scheinert, Alexander Acker and Odej Kao. "Distributed LLM Pretraining During Renewable Curtailment Windows: A Feasibility Study". Technical Report. 2026.
  2. Julius Irion, Philipp Wiesner, Jonathan Bader, and Odej Kao. "Optimizing Microgrid Composition for Sustainable Data Centers". Sustainable Supercomputing Workshop at SC. 2025.
  3. Miray Özcan, Philipp Wiesner, Philipp Weiß, and Odej Kao. "Quantifying the Energy Consumption and Carbon Emissions of LLM Inference via Simulations". Workshop on Performance and Energy Efficiency in Concurrent and Distributed Systems (PECS) at Euro-PAR. 2025.
  4. Paul Kilian, Philipp Wiesner, and Odej Kao. "Choosing the Right Battery Model for Data Center Simulations". 1st International Workshop on Low Carbon Computing (LOCO). 2024.
  5. Philipp Wiesner, Ramin Khalili, Dennis Grinwald, Pratik Agrawal, Lauritz Thamsen, and Odej Kao. "FedZero: Leveraging Renewable Excess Energy in Federated Learning". 15th ACM International Conference on Future and Sustainable Energy Systems (e-Energy). 2024.